Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health crisis, with primary care settings being a major contributor due to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. In Kosovo, the overuse of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections remains a critical challenge, especially in primary care, driven by limited diagnostic tools, regulatory gaps, and prescribing behaviours. This ICARS-affiliated paper presents the protocol for implementing and evaluating a multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programme in primary healthcare facilities to promote rational antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
