National AMR context
In 2015, Argentina developed and initiated activities under its National Action Plan for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance. Using a One Health approach, the plan was developed collaboratively by the Ministry of Health and the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (formerly the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries), including efforts to address antimicrobial resistance in livestock through a colistin ban in Argentina. It includes activities to promote the responsible use of antimicrobials in animal production, alongside the National Programme for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Livestock, implemented by the National Service for Animal Health and Agrifood Quality (SENASA), Argentina’s official veterinary authority.
Results from this programme have shown high levels of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from key animal production sectors, including poultry, cattle and pigs (CoNaCRA, 2019). To preserve the efficacy of colistin as a last-resort antibiotic for treating multidrug-resistant infections in humans, SENASA banned the use, sale and importation of veterinary products containing colistin in 2019. Preliminary monitoring data following the ban indicate a reduction in the detection of colistin-resistant E. coli. While this represents an important step in reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continued monitoring and further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact on both public health and the livestock sector.
Problem
Argentina’s 2019 ban on veterinary products containing colistin followed evidence of high levels of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from animals, particularly in poultry (31.5%), cattle (16.5%), and pigs (15%). Early data from the national surveillance programme suggest a reduction in resistance following implementation.
However, there is limited evidence on the broader impacts of the ban. Key questions remain regarding potential unintended consequences, including changes in animal health, shifts in antimicrobial use patterns, and economic effects on farmers and the meat production sector. Although these concerns were identified during the development of the regulation, they have not been systematically assessed.
This lack of comprehensive evidence limits the ability to fully evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of the policy and to inform future antimicrobial stewardship strategies in animal production systems.
Project overview
Following the 2019 ban on colistin in veterinary products, a reduction in colistin resistance in livestock has been observed. However, while these results are encouraging, further research is needed to fully understand the broader implications of the ban. Some potential challenges for the livestock industry may include the increase in health problems which could involve increased use of other antibiotics, or negative economic consequences for farmers and the meat industry as they adjust to new regulations and practices. To evaluate the consequences of the colistin ban, we propose to conduct a microbiological study to compare E. coli strains from animals collected before and after the ban. Additionally, anthropological studies will be conducted through interviews with poultry and pig producers, as well as related stakeholders, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Overall, while the ban on colistin in veterinary medicine is a significant step towards reducing the risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continuous monitoring and further studies are essential to assess the long-term impact of this intervention, not only in public health but also in the livestock sector.
Intended outcomes
- Determination of colistin resistance prevalence in pigs and poultry before and after the ban.
- Map of AMR policies and key influential actors in antimicrobial use regulations in the country
- Documentation of stakeholder’s experiences about the sector adaptation after the colistin ban
“This project aims to demonstrate that collaboration between government, industry, and academia can support informed decision-making. Even when such decisions face resistance, risks can be mitigated, ultimately strengthening public trust, the economy, and public health.” Claudia Cobo-Angel, ICARS science advisor for the project.
“The ban on colistin in Argentina is an example of science-based policymaking, developed through the collaborative engagement of all relevant stakeholders. Assessing the impact of this measure is a key step toward strengthening such approaches and supporting a more integrated response to antimicrobial resistance.” Leandro Martin Redondo, project PI
